Relationship between Bio-based and Biodegradable Polymers
The use of biomass feedstocks does not necessarily mean that the finished product will be biodegradable. Thus, the bio-based polymers are not always biodegradable and that biodegradable plastics (polymers) are not always bio-based. Some bio-based polymers may be biodegradable, others are not, as a result of their specific polymer structure.
Plastics (polymers) can be divided into four characteristics groups. The horizontal axis shows the biodegradability of plastic, whereas the vertical axis shows whether the material is derived from petrochemical raw materials or renewable materials.
Impact of Bio-based Polymers on the Environment
Firstly, bio-based polymers are products for which at least a portion of the polymer consists of material produced from renewable raw materials, thus, they generally have a lower CO2 footprint and are associated with the concept of sustainability. Secondly, they are generally degraded under anaerobic or aerobic conditions, and the end-product (residue) may be used for supporting plant growth. Chemical recycling techniques may also be used to reclaim the original material, which might be used for rebuilding the polymer or converted into another polymer product.
Challenges in the Processing of Bio-based Polymers
The bio-based polymer processing industry is currently facing multiple challenges in the collection of raw materials and their fabrication into desired polymers. Despite the availability of various raw materials, every material has its production and application limitations. The biggest challenge faced by this industry is to produce green raw materials without compromising the wastage of feedstock. The other major challenge is to reduce the cost of bio-based polymers for a fair comparison with conventional petroleum-based polymers. This emerging industry needs to spread its roots in society to replace conventional polymers, which is certainly not easy; however, clear strategies and implementation will make it indispensable in near future.
